Parents’ Guide to Developmental & Genetic Disorders

Empowering Parents with Knowledge and Tools to Navigate Genetic Disorders

Understanding Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders are conditions caused by abnormalities in an individual’s DNA, resulting from mutations in a single gene, multiple genes, or chromosomal abnormalities. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve a child’s quality of life. Understanding genetic disorders, which can affect physical health, development, and cognitive functions, is crucial for parents to provide the best care and support. These conditions can be inherited or occur spontaneously, and advances in genetic research have enhanced our ability to diagnose and manage them. Awareness of genetic conditions enables parents to seek appropriate medical advice and interventions early on.

Common Genetic Disorders and Their Diagnosis

Several genetic disorders are commonly seen in children, each with unique characteristics and challenges. For instance, Down Syndrome, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leads to developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and distinctive facial features. Cystic Fibrosis affects the respiratory and digestive systems with thick mucus production, leading to severe respiratory and digestive problems. Sickle Cell Disease involves abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped, leading to pain, anemia, and other complications. Fragile X Syndrome, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disabilities, affects cognitive and behavioral development, often resulting in learning disabilities and social challenges. Diagnosing these disorders involves genetic testing, which can be conducted prenatally, during infancy, or later in childhood, and includes family medical history, genetic screening, and diagnostic tests.

Supporting Your Child and the Role of Research  

Early identification of developmental delays is key to ensuring children receive the support they need. Parents and caregivers should monitor their child’s progress and consult healthcare providers if there are concerns. Pediatricians use standardized screening tools to assess development and identify concerns. Comprehensive evaluations may include genetic testing, neurodevelopmental assessments, and speech and language evaluations. With appropriate interventions and support, children with developmental delays can make significant progress and achieve better outcomes. Early, proactive measures are crucial in transforming challenges into opportunities for growth and development.

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Articles about Parents’ Guide to Developmental & Genetic Disorders

  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    tay-sachs symptoms

    Tay-Sachs Symptoms

    The symptoms of Tay-Sachs are a set of symptoms unique to this individual genetic syndrome.  Tay-Sachs is a genetic syndrome, also known as a rare disease. It is usually identified during infancy, and in many cases it is fatal, with a life expectancy of no more than a few years following birth.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    single gene disorders

    Single Gene Disorders

    Single gene disorders are some of the most well-known, and researched rare diseases. This is because their causes are easily understood, and the way in which they are inherited is considered to be very clear and simple.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    types of genetic inheritance

    Types of Genetic Inheritance

    Genetic inheritance determines how gene mutations, and chromosomal abnormalities, are passed down from parent to child. How these mutations are inherited will determine a child’s risk factor for developing a rare disease, if one or both of their parents are carriers. The types of genetic inheritance determine if and how a rare disease is passed down.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    rare chromosome diseases

    What are the Main Chromosome Diseases?

    A fertilized egg is made up of 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father. This then means that there are 46 chromosomes, and 23 pairs of chromosomes altogether. These chromosomes include the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual- XX for a female and XY for a male.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    turner syndrome misdiagnosis

    Turner Syndrome Misdiagnosis: How to Move Forward

    Turner syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome that occurs in girls. Some girls with the syndrome have a missing X chromosome on their 23rd pair of chromosomes. This is usually caused by an error that occurs during the formation of the egg or sperm. In other individuals with the syndrome, it is caused by a missing part of the X chromosome in some of the cells of the X chromosome.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    fabry disease misdiagnosis

    We Have a Fabry Disease Misdiagnosis

    Fabry disease is the result of mutations in the GLA gene. This mutation causes an affected individual’s body to fail to produce an enzyme known as a-galactosidase A, or it prevents this enzyme from working properly. This then leads to a build-up of glycosphingolipids in the body’s cells, which damages different parts of the body, triggering the many different symptoms of the syndrome.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    Living with a delayed diagnosis

    Living With a Delayed Diagnosis

    A delayed diagnosis is when a patient has had to wait an extended period of time to diagnose a disease or health condition.  Some diseases are diagnosed quickly – Diabetes, for example, is a disease with many affected individuals worldwide. There is a great deal of awareness among the medical community and the general public about the causes and symptoms of diabetes. There are also several different testing options for the disease that make a fast diagnosis possible.

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    rare disease misdiagnosis

    Received an Ehlers-Danlos misdiagnosis? Next Steps

    It is a rare genetic syndrome that affects the connective tissue of the body. It is caused by mutations in specific genes, and common symptoms include hypermobility, low muscle tone, and joint dislocation.  When it comes to a

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  • Parents' Guide to Genetic Disorders
    Talk to Pediatrician About Developmental Delays

    Our Child has a Wrong Diagnosis, What Next?

    A wrong diagnosis can have many implications, including delay in ensuring the patient and their family receive the correct support and treatment. In some instances, it may even mean a misdiagnosed patient receives the wrong treatment and care options.

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